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The United States and Europe are grappling with the implications of the rise of Asia and how this historical trend will impact the spectrum of foreign policy, economic, and domestic challenges facing the transatlantic allies. Policymakers in Washington, Brussels, and national European capitals face problems and issues that can no longer be successfully addressed without involving key Asian powers, as China and India join Japan as Asian states with global reach. Similarly, the major Asian powers have an interest in deepening their connection to the transatlantic world in ways that go beyond traditional close bilateral ties with the United States and Europe. The growing focus on Asia also places pressure on the primacy of transatlantic ties. The EU, in its efforts to lift its arms embargo on China, highlighted potential risks to transatlantic relations as Europe deepens its ties with major Asian powers. This has been replicated on the U.S. side with talk of a shift from a transatlantic to a transpacific century and recent debates about a United States-China "G2". The gap between the strategic responsibilities that the United States has in Asia and what many believe to be a Europe without a strategic approach to the region could lead to transatlantic divisions in the years ahead. Others argue that it is essential for Europe and the United States to work together in order to retain their power to shape the international structures that face the rising Asian powers if liberal values are going to be defended. But many of the most important trends are being driven out of the region itself. The rivalries between the major powers in Asia, their strategies toward the region, and how they position themselves vis-à-vis the United States and the West as a whole, will do much to shape the geopolitical order in the coming decades. There are also more immediate challenges for Europe and the United States to grapple with, from the situation in Pakistan to the role of the world's second- and third-largest economies in the global financial crisis. GMF's Asia program addresses these issues through a combination of convening, writing, strategic grants, study visits, fellowships, partnerships with other GMF programs, and partnerships with other institutions. Background: Since 2007 the German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) has run a variety of activities on China and strategic issues in Asia. GMF has organized five sessions of the Stockholm China Forum, a biannual transatlantic gathering on China policy. GMF has also undertaken events such as a China-Africa speaker tour; published papers on subjects such as transatlantic responses to Asia's economic rise; held panels on both China and Japan at GMF events such as Brussels Forum; organized study visits to China, Japan, Vietnam, and South Korea; and provided grants to a number of other organizations for similar projects. From 2009, GMF's Asia Program has moved beyond its previous focus on China to encompass Asia as a whole, and particularly the other major powers, Japan and India. GMF Asia Experts: Andrew Small is a transatlantic fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, where he coordinates GMF's new strand of work on Asia and transatlantic relations, with a focus on China. He previously worked as the director of the Foreign Policy Centre's Beijing office and ran the Centre's 'China and Globalisation' program, which was launched by Tony Blair and Wen Jiabao in May 2004. He has been a columnist for Global Times (as 司马安洲), China's international affairs daily, and a visiting fellow at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. His most recent focus has been on China's relationships with problem states, with particular concentration on Burma / Myanmar, Sudan, Iran, North Korea, and Zimbabwe. He is currently researching China's role in Afghanistan and Pakistan. He has been published in Foreign Affairs, the New York Times, and the International Herald Tribune and has testified to the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission and the European Parliament. As well as his work on China he has advised European governments on public diplomacy strategy and was an ESU scholar in the office of Senator Edward M. Kennedy in the summer of 2001. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford. Daniel Twining is Senior Fellow for Asia at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF). He is also a consultant to the U.S. government on South Asia and Asian security issues. He previously served as a Member of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff, as Foreign Policy Advisor to Senator John McCain, and as a staff member of the United States Trade Representative. He holds a doctorate in international relations from Oxford University, an MPhil with distinction in East Asian international relations from Oxford, and a BA with highest distinction from the University of Virginia. His work on India, Asian security, and U.S. foreign policy has been published in the Washington Post, Financial Times, Christian Science Monitor, Newsweek, National Review, and in a range of academic journals and monographs; he is a regular contributor to Foreign Policy and The Weekly Standard. He has lived and worked in India, Great Britain, and Colombia and grew up in Southeast Asia and Africa.
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