In recent years Turkey has made foreign policy choices that have been at odds with the preferences of some of its major partners, such as the United States, the EU, and Israel, and it has begun to pursue a more activist and proactive foreign policy atypical from earlier times. Overall examination of policies shows that economic considerations, as well as living at peace with neighbors, are more powerful determinants of the change than Islam. The question — as the country has redefined its role as a regional power and an important world actor and it has begun to question the current world governance — is whether such policies will redefine Turkey’s role within the Western community or whether it will result in a gradual breaking away.