Developments in the United States, in Japan, and in the Asia-Pacific region have combined to make this a time of transition for the U.S.-Japan alliance. To successfully navigate these challenges, Japan must not only foster a constructive relationship with the United States but also continue its efforts to strengthen and improve relationships with other U.S. allies and partners. The United States also will play an important role in helping the U.S.-Japan alliance evolve to meet the challenges it is likely to face.